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Effectiveness of Video-Based
Movement Analysis on Motor Skill Acquisition:
Video Based Immediate
Feedback of Performance
In our second attempt
to integrate video-based motion analysis into a undergraduate motor
behavior class, we conducted a laboratory experience in which
individuals viewed their performance as a form of feedback. The goal was
to show students their personal performance immediately after performing
the task. To accomplish this we divided the class into three groups in
which the quality and forms of performance feedback were manipulated.
All groups attempted to learn to ‘set’ a volleyball with accuracy to a
target overhead. All subjects performed a scored 20 second pre-test.
Following which all subjects practiced in 2, 5-minute blocks of time to
acquire the movement. One group was given feedback from an experienced
performer; a second group was given feedback via a computer replay of
their movement along with feedback from an experienced performer; while
the third group practiced the skill on their own. After the 10 minutes
of practice, subjects were given a period of rest (approximately 10
minutes) followed by a 20 second retention trial without any feedback.
For both the pretest and the post-test the absolute number of times the
ball hit within the area during the 20 second trials were recorded. One
of the main instructions given to the participants was to base judgments
of error based on the feedback you were given or that you observed in
the video, rather than on what you thought you did wrong.
Results: Data from 36
students (12 subjects in each group) was recorded during the performance
of the volleyball setting task. In terms of the overall improvement in
performance the group that observed their performance via the motion
analysis software increased the mean number of successful sets by 2.58
as a result of the 10 minutes of practice. Contrasted to that the group
that obtained feedback from an experienced performer increased their
performance by an average of 1.33 sets, while the discovery learning
group only increased by an average of 2.00 sets. The pre- and post-test
data for each group’s performance can be seen in Table 1.
Table 1: Volleyball
setting performance as a result of various forms of feedback during
learning
Discussion: The use of
video-based motion analysis as a form of performance based feedback
proved to be a useful tool in skill acquisition. As a function of
observing ones’ own performance we have demonstrated that for the skill
of volleyball setting, performance can increase to a level higher than
that of just practicing the skill, and even higher than through the use
of an advanced performer as a source of feedback. Despite this finding
much research is needed to substantiate this finding, as the goal of
this laboratory experience was not to quantify learning in an
experimental setting, but rather to engage students in skill acquisition
by exposing them to various sources of performance related feedback. By
allowing the students to view their own performance and incorporate the
information obtained immediately into practice, the students were able
to see the benefit of such technology into a motor skill setting. With
the reasonable price of the Dartfish software educational institutions
across the country could incorporate this technology into the classroom
and also into the any and all athletic environments. With only the need
for a video camera and a computer to run the software (potentially a
laptop) data collection and skill instruction can be conducted anywhere.
Video Samples of Performance
The videos below show
examples of the video participants were able to view of their
performance. With the assistance of the Dartfish ProSuite Software,
individuals were able to slow down performance, zoom in on any part of
their body or the ball, freeze or rewind immediately after the skill was
performed. With additional time one could overlay or display
side-by-side pre and post performance, or their performance to that of
an advanced performer to highlight key differences. An example of an
overlaid skilled and novice performer can be see by clicking on the
media gallery link above.
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